Walking speed: The Functional Vital Sign

In the realm of healthcare, we are accustomed to monitoring traditional vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature, and oxygen saturation) to assess a person's overall health and predict future functional decline. However, emerging research is shedding light on a less conventional yet equally crucial vital sign – walking speed. Long dismissed as a mere marker of physical activity, walking speed is now recognized as a valuable indicator of overall health and a powerful predictor of various health outcomes.

The Basics of Walking Speed as a Vital Sign:

Walking speed, measured as the time taken to cover a specific distance, has evolved from a simple measure of mobility to a comprehensive gauge of health. Traditionally associated with aging and mobility impairment, recent studies have expanded its relevance to broader populations. Researchers have identified walking speed as a sensitive and reliable marker that reflects not only physical health but also cognitive function, cardiovascular health, and overall mortality risk.

Link to Cognitive Function:

Walking speed has been linked to cognitive function, with studies suggesting that slower walking speed may be associated with cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia. The intricate connection between the brain and walking is now recognized as a two-way street, where the health of one significantly influences the other.

Cardiovascular Health:

The speed at which we walk is indicative of cardiovascular health. A brisk walking pace often corresponds to a healthier cardiovascular system, while a slower pace may suggest underlying cardiovascular issues. Studies have shown that changes in walking speed could be an early warning sign of heart-related problems, making it a potential tool for preventive healthcare.

Predictor of Overall Mortality:

Perhaps one of the most striking revelations is the strong correlation between walking speed and overall mortality. Numerous longitudinal studies have demonstrated that slower walking speed is associated with an increased risk of mortality, making it a powerful predictor of life expectancy. The reasons behind this association are multifaceted, including the impact of walking speed on various organ systems and overall physiological resilience.

• Normal walking speed is considered 1.2-1.4 m/s

• GREEN FLAG-- > 1.0 m/s

• YELLOW FLAG-- 0.6-1.0 m/s (less than 1.0 m/s requires intervention to reduce fall risk)

• RED FLAG- < 0.6 m/s (increased risk of dependence for ADLs, hospitalization, and mortality)

Here at RTC, we can efficiently assess your walking speed as well as evaluate influencing factors such as strength, balance, cognition, and confidence. If you or a loved one are concerned about your walking speed or fall risk, give us a call today. For more information about our services or to schedule an appointment, please contact us at 757-578-2958, visit www.restorativetherapyco.com or email us at info@restorativetherapyco.com. We want to help you feel well, move well, and be well.

Contributed by Kirkland Tucker, PT, DPT

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